Critical Reflection Essay Essay

Upon reflective exploration of my 16 week journey regarding the overall critical reflection of Nursing 5403 also referred to as Organizational Theory or Administration I, I find that I have a more sound and in depth theoretical understanding of key leadership and nursing administrative concepts and processes. This course has increased my knowledge base in regards to organizational design, augmented my awareness of healthcare administrative concepts, and strengthened my understanding of management concepts and processes. This educational experience has revealed imperative and insightful examples and practices used to become a more efficient, effective and formative leader. I have increased my usage of many of these concepts to improve my leadership skills and practice, to â€Å"walk the walk†, in my daily work /life regimen. I will examine, evaluate, and reflect on the core information covered in this course by dividing the methods of delivery into three main presentation categ ories: written, oral, and online. The written presentation format was used to deliver the five discussion board questions and leadership instrument paper results. The discussion board allowed the opportunity to explore management concepts and practices from various perspectives. The leadership instrument paper allowed in depth exploration of variety of traits, theories, and practices important to leaders. I found both of these learning experiences very enlightening and beneficial to my overall managerial acumen. Northhouse (2013), explained on the sixteen types and styles of leadership, which had a major impact on my overall viewpoints regarding humans and management in our administrative worlds today. I was able to identify and relate the diverse leadership styles and types in a positive way and glean insightful understanding of different people and their leadership potential. The discussion board gave me free range to strengthen my self-expressive abilities and interact with my peers. The leadership instrument pape r allowed for self-analysis with specific references to key leadership ideals and concepts. I feel both assignments gave me insight into my leadership strengths, weaknesses, foci, and desires which will in turn assist me in  becoming a successful consistent leader. Oral presentations were used by both the students and the professor to teach assigned lessons. The dyad presentations were completed within the professor assigned groups. The organizational culture assignment was individually completed by each student. Dr. Junious, our professor, presented multiple management and leadership topics during the 16-week timeframe of our course work. The dyad group assignments allowed the students to work as a team, increase/ improve communication skills, and strengthen public speaking skills. The organizational culture assignment enriched my understanding of my department’s culture and fostered a new understanding and more tolerable acceptance of the different personalities which shapes my department and company. The professor guided topics allowed me to glean current knowledge on trends in nursing leadership and introduced new variables regarding emotional intelligence. One of the crucial components from our main source, Roussell (2013) which I have used on a consistent basis are the power listing tools known as, â€Å"AMPP†, which stands for: ask, mirror, paraphrase, and prime. Consistent usage of these tools has empowered my ability to extract important information in a judicious manner, which has resulted in workflow improvement and increased productivity in my current position. The online method was used to complete our online certificate training for the Institute of Healthcare Improvement (IHI) leadership and quality courses. Both of these certificate online courses were very informative and educational. I gained excellent training from these online courses. The information presented in this online self-study gave illuminating examples, and reinforced positive and evidence based methods of leadership and analytical procedures. My goal is to complete at least eight of the other courses listed on this website to strengthen my inner self to produce stronger leadership abilities and increase process awareness. Overall, the knowledge, skills, and experience gleaned from my enrollment and participation in this class has enhanced my understanding of organizational processes and essential, effective leadership traits. I truly enjoyed my time in this course, it was interesting and informative.  The educational experience has stimulated and supported both professional and personal growth in my life. The traits and theoretical evidence based practices illustrated within our resources reinforced my thoughts that great leaders are formed and not born. References Northhouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Roussel, L. (2013). Management and Leadership for Nurse Administrators. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Harlem Renaissance Essay

Claude McKay was Jamaican American who moved from Jamaica to the United States in 1912. He attended the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This is where he received his first taste of racism here in America and this would have a drastic effect on his future writing. He left the Tuskegee Institute to attend school in Manhattan, Kansas. Mr. McKay then moved to New York invested in a restaurant and got married. The restaurant fell through and McKay moved back to Jamaica. He later became an editor of the Liberator and wrote some of his own poems during the time period known as the red summer. One of his poems he wrote in protest of the harsh times would later be used by Winston Churchill during World War II to motivate the soldiers. (Modern American Poetry, 2011) â€Å"If We Must Die†, written by Claude McKay during the summer of 1919, is a mantra for people to stand up against those who wish to keep them down or in Churchill’s case to kill them during battle(Sayre, 2012). He is saying even if they must die they should do it with dignity. They may only have the grave to come, but he does not wish them to just lie down even in the face of adversity. Claude McKay displays double consciousness from the time he comes to America. He is first an intelligent Jamaican man who has come here to America in search of an education. Here he was seen by the white Americans around him in Alabama as nothing more than just another â€Å"colored† man. Claude had to deal with both being â€Å"colored† or â€Å"Negro† and being an American. In his poem â€Å"If we must die† McKay shows the idea of double consciousness all the way through. He shows the pride of a dignified man who will not just sit back while anyone attempts to push down into the grave. His writing is not specific to one race or ethnicity, as proven when the British Prime Minister used it to motivate the British and American soldiers. (Sayre, 2012) Langston Hughes was a young poe t, writer, and musician during the Harlem renaissance period. According to Sayre (2012), Langston was like many African-Americans searching for a freedom they could not find in America moved to Paris. In France he was subjected to a music very similar to jazz and ragtime. Harlem was quickly becoming the Paris of America to African-Americans because they were free to be who they want to be and accepted by all those around. When Hughes moved backed to Harlem he became one of the most powerful voices for the African-Americans in Harlem due to his abilities, according to Sayre. His capability to speak to your emotion and to create a feeling empathy, as well as his use the local speech, grammar, and dialect made his works attractive to all. According to the Kansas Heritage Group (n.d.), Langston Hughes had only been in college a year before finding the allure of Harlem, where he met many other famous poets of the times. Langston Hughes wrote the poem â€Å"As I grew older† describing how he has a dream but because he is a â€Å"Black† man he has walls that rise up between himself and his dream. This is a perfect example of double consciousness, because like all Americans he has these dreams that are always growing within him. However because of his ethnicity he has walls that are placed in his path. He feels because he is black man he is being forced down into the shadows and blocked from his dreams. He also is persistent enough in the poem to not lie in the shadows and let the wall win. He breaks through the wall and pursues his dreams despites the efforts to block him. (Poemhunter.com, 2003) The poetry of the times brings out the views and emotions of the people who were writing it. These poems bring out the feelings desire to be free to chase their dreams that write about as well. There are many poems that display thoughts of death and dying. Some of the themes were being brought on by the war, while others are themes were brought on by the feelings of oppression and racism. The biggest theme of them all is the fact we are American, whether we are black or white, Jamaican, German, or French descent, we are American. In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Theme for English B† he states he is black and â€Å"You are white- yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. That’s American†. We are all American and we are all one. We all have similar desires not identical but similar in nature. We want to be free to be what and who we want to be without being held back by others who wish to hold us back in order to advance themselves. In his poem â€Å"As I grew older† he writes about oppression, â€Å"And then the wall rose, Rose slowly, Slowly, Between me and my dream†, The wall rising is the oppression brought about by the racism he faced here in America. Claude McKay in â€Å"If We Must Die† he writes a poem that can used to motivate a group of people as Churchill used to motivate the soldiers of WWI or to motivate the African-Americans here in America. He wants his people to have their honor even in death. â€Å"If we must die-oh, let us nobly die,† He wants to be seen with honor and dignity as he wishes for all his people. In the poem Christianity I write about beliefs and faith in a world where it seems to shun anyone who openly believes in Jesus Christ and his teachings. In today’s society Christians are often told they are cannot display their crosses in public spaces, because â€Å"we are pushing our beliefs on others†. This country was formed with the idea that people would have their freedoms. Freedoms that their previous government denied them, and one of the biggest freedoms they searched for was freedom to practice the religion of their choice. Christianity in its many forms was the biggest religion at the time of this country formation and you can see that in many ways even still today, however publically today there seems to be a push to hide all forms of religion. Christianity seems to be the religion that people wish to hide the most. This is why I chose to use this theme for my poem. Christianity Faith Belief in only one Love all – even my enemy They don’t want love They don’t want faith Truth Will Science ever agree Where is your evidence Is your truth, My truth Freedom Freedom to live Freedom to Love Freedom to believe Freedom to question Faith Who wants it Who needs it Why have it They certainly do not want it References Modern American Poetry (2011). Claude McKay. Retrieved from http://www.english.illinois. edu/maps/poets/m_r/mckay/mckay.htm PoemHunter.com (January, 2003) As I grew older by Langston Hughes. Retrieved from http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/as-i-grew-older/ Sayre, H. M. (2012). The Humanities: Culture, continuity and change, Volume 2 (2nd ed.). (2011 Custom Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Kansas Heritage Group, (n.d.). Langston Hughes Biography. Retrieved from http://www. kansasheritage.org/crossingboundaries/page6e1.html

Life in America in 1830-1850

The novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain was written in 1870. This novel unveils many important themes such as adventures and Christian values, social relations and stereotypes. The analysis of the characters and themes makes it possible to say that the novel reflects changes faced by the American society during 1830-1850. Thesis Mark Twain`s storyline along with his descriptions of his characters portrays the life of the citizens of St. Petersburg, Missouri as being very easy, simple and uncomplicated, however life for many other people in America was much of an endeavor. In the novel Mark Twain portrays the life of the citizens of St. Petersburg as being very simple and uncomplicated. â€Å"A new-comer of any age or either sex was an impressive curiosity in the poor little shabby village of St. Petersburg† (Twain 1920, 4). The simplicity of life is shown through other minor themes and symbols which help to unveil the realities of town life. During this historical epoch, poverty was what traps people in their humble abode. In contrast to these themes, Mark Twain describes people in the town as: â€Å"There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The locust-trees were in bloom and the fragrance of the blossoms filled the air† (Twain 1920, 12). The main female characters of the novel, Aunt Polly and Tom’s cousin Marry, are depicted as simple ordinary women. In reality, women were guided and supported by their husbands and family members. It is possible to say that all women represented in the novel do not suffer greatly, because of male oppression. Most of them including Aunt Polly and his cousin Marry was stuck to values preached by the society. The other characters, Huck and Sam, Judge Thatcher and Alfred Temple are also misrepresented. Most of the men are portrayed as ordinary citizens involved in town affairs only. In contrast to St. Petersburg town life, life for many other people in America was much of an endeavor. For instance, in The Narrative of the Life Frederick Douglass depicts another America influenced by racial inequalities and slavery.   In his autobiography, Douglass describes the hardship that he was through and quite self-obsessed with the cruel realities. The slave owners exploited slaves per 12-14 hours a day. The spread of slavery was also connected with industrialization and urbanization processes, proposing unlimited opportunities for newly emerged industries and factories to obtain cheap labor (Douglass 1995). Even the life of a free black man differed greatly from his white neighbors. In contrast to Twain’s idealized image of minorities and their life, Douglass addresses a problem of racial inequality in the society and its impact on the life of an ordinary person. He unveils that racism caused grievances to all citizens in spite of their color of skin or persuasions. According to Douglass interpretation, the direct victims of racism were black men and women. On the other hand, Mark Twain describes town people as moral persons free from social and racial prejudices. For instance, Mark Twain portrays the widow Douglass as: â€Å"the justice of the peace; the widow Douglass, fair, smart †¦ her hill mansion the only palace in the town, and the most hospitable and much the most lavish in the matter of festivities that St. Petersburg could boast† (Twain 1920, 43). In general, Mark Twain describes moral health of people and their imperfection through the lens of morality and traditions rather than historical facts. All citizens of St. Petersburg become victims of their own prejudices and false values. Taking into account The Narrative of the Life by Douglass and Cherokee Trail of Tears by Fitzgerald, it is evident that life of ‘blacks’ and Indians was marked by fight and rebellion. In big and small towns the problem was that American citizens, Indians and â€Å"blacks†, were not equal in their rights and â€Å"blacks† were not equally treated by majority of white population. While â€Å"whites† members of the society were universally proud of their background, African-Americans and Indians were the target of discrimination and outright racism. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain hides these problems portraying the happy life of all citizens. In the book Cherokee Trail of Tears, Fitzgerald describes events which took place in 1838 when Federal troops imprisoned 13,000 Cherokees in order to occupy their native lands. This was one of the most tragic events in American history unveiling policy of imperialism and segregation. Fitzgerald writes: â€Å"By 1835, nearly three dozens additional land cessions had been concluded, reducing the once vast Cherokee territory to nothing† (Fitzgerald 2006, 15). That created a demand for a substitute reality, which could only be found in the fictitious world. Mark Twain does not give a detailed analysis of the epoch, but the spirit of the age runs through the novel. For instance, Mark Twain uses the theme of crime to create a story conflict and impress readers: â€Å"A gory knife had been found close to the murdered man, and it had been recognized by somebody as belonging to Muff Potter† (Twain 1920, 99). In contrast, conflicts between Cherokees and the government depict the new social imperative of the society. These events unveil real history of American society and its attitude towards racial minorities. Fitzgerald describes that the Trail resulted in 5,000 deaths and ruined lives of 22 000 Indians. Fitzgerald critiques the era and uncovers discrepancy between different historical interpretations of this period. Taking into account the life of the pioneers going West and their fight with Indians, it is evident that the storyline of Mark Twain lacks the accuracy of narration and objective appraisal. For instance, many pioneers had to struggle with nature and native population. Struggle with nature probably was the only difficult battle in life. For the pioneers, rebellion meant absence of restrictions and compulsions, and in correlation with the idea of will, it is the opportunity to act as would be desirable. â€Å"To those who may be obliged to exchange a cultivated region for a howling wilderness,† declared its resolution [the Third Annual Convention 1833], â€Å"we recommend, to retire into the western wilds, and fell the native forest of America, where the ploughshares of prejudice have as yet been unable to penetrate the soil† (Taylor 1998, 33). Rebellion was necessary because it opened freedom to all who were genuinely interested and met the criteria of a rioter. That was main principle on which rebellions were based in the United States. â€Å"White western settlers rapidly constructed familiar racially based political and economic restrictions† (Taylor 1998, 33). The events which took place in Texas and their fight for Independence with Mexico show that live of people in small towns was not easy, simple and uncomplicated as depicted by Mark Twain. Texas War of Independence took place in 1835-1836. It was a war between American settlers and the Mexican government. This Revolution was considered as a rational choice which included its aims, alternatives, consequences and choice. If American nation had taken such an action, it was based on the purposes to overcome oppression and created a set of new values and tasks. In general, the aim of rebellion was to fight for land, freedom and equal rights. On the one hand, it helped to attract attention of masses to social problems such as injustice and oppression. Rebellion was necessary because it drove the national idea and the knowledge not only of the monumental significance of the actions to be undertaken, but also the impact of a free democracy. The main events were the Battle of Gonzales, La Bahia, San Antonio and the Battle of the Alamo. Texas War of Independence was necessary because it showed a struggle for individual freedom which means much more than the absence of physical coercion. Every rebellion had a short term and long term goals which helped mutineers to reach their target. Desire of a nation to struggle as such did nothing, because only active operations led to rebellion. It was people who made claims or felt marginalized, and people who often disagreed, some ­times quite fundamentally, about how their identity should be interpreted or understood. â€Å"One reason for this was the desire of Mexican Revolutionaries to secure material aid from the United States. As a result there were several composite Mexican-American expenditures into the vast territory during   the Revolutionary era† (Nofi 2001, 10).   In many cases, fight for freedom and equal rights made use of racial differences. In this case, a necessity to rebel served as a causal explanation of it. Rebellion was a relational choice which allowed to start fighting and attract masses of people to rebel. It served like a signal for those who wanted to be free. In sum, Mark Twain gives only general ideas of the historical epoch and morals of people, but does not include real historical facts and events into the novel. Mark Twain idealizes town life paying no attention to racial differences and inequalities which led to social rebellion and struggle.   He does not describe that non-white population obtained a secondary role in the society and was deprived human rights and freedom. Due to industrialization and urbanization, the period under analysis (1830-1850) was a time of chaos and great change which left people with a sense of disillusionment. The historical facts mentioned above show that Mark Twain idealizes a town life and social relations. His specific world view and interpretation of the American history has a great impact on his literary works where he ridicules St. Petersburg citizens, their way of thinking and style of life, their believes and prejudices, because for most of them nothing is sacred: neither love nor human relations. Historical events suggest that racial differences and oppression undoubtedly motivated people to acts of extreme violence against those whom they classify as â€Å"others.† Racial confrontations acting as an original cause of rebellion forced Americans to struggle. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglass, F. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. Dover Publications, 1995 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nofi, A.A. The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History. 2001. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fitzgerald, D.G. Cherokee Trail of Tears. Graphic Arts Books, 2006. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Taylor, Q. In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990. W. W. Norton, 1998. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twain, M. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. P.F. Collier & Sons, 1920.            

Human Rights and Same-Sex Marriage Research Paper

Human Rights and Same-Sex Marriage - Research Paper Example In following this line of reasoning though, one may say that since it is a violation of the constitution to deny anyone of their civil rights, it is therefore unconstitutional to deny people should they want to enter into same-sex marriages. However, for one to claim violation, one must prove first that same-sex marriage is part of the protected rights of the Constitution. This paper aims to correct the presumption that same-sex marriages should be legalized because every individual should be allowed to marry. The truth is, marriage is set as heterosexual by nature, thus, marriage policy limiting the union to only between one man and one woman does not violate the Equal Protection Clause or any other legal or moral principle (Stacey 27). Law protects such union to ensure the continuation of species. The law was not placed there to protect the emotional wants of individuals. Simply put, there is no right to same-sex marriages, thus, homosexuals are not being denied of their right. In fact, if one looks at the natural needs of a child to be raised by both biological parents, the natural need of a man to be ensured of paternity, and the natural need of a woman to be with her child (Stacey 27-8), not legalizing same-sex marriages protects these natural rights. It is Not Included in One’s Civil Rights Civil law is one of the greatest contentions about marriage. Literally speaking, laws governing marriages has always been a concern of the state and not the federal government. In any case, however, it has been long ignored that marriage is actually an institutional union between one man and one woman (McVeigh and Maria-Elena 891-2). Those who argue that same-sex marriages should be considered a civil right and should be treated just like any heterosexual monogamous marriage are doing so based on the principle of the Equal Protection Clause. This is, however, a flawed argument. It is absolutely wrong to consider that one’s constitutional rights ensure equ al treatment that includes the aspect of marriage. One must understand that equal treatment, as according to the Constitution, does not give reference to social relationships such as families, marriages, friendships, and the likes (McVeigh and Maria-Elena 899). A good example of this is a relationship between two friends who decide to consider their relationship as marriage. Such consideration of the friends involved in the friendship cannot go to the courts and demand equal protection rights just because they finally decided to consider their friendship as marriage. To do so is tantamount to saying that just because some people in a certain sports event pray together before the start of the event, courts are required to work under the equal protection law and allow these particular sports event goers to redefine the event as a religious ceremony. Social Reality Cannot be Declared by the Constitution Social reality cannot be defined merely by civil rights. The equal protection under the civil rights is there only to guarantee that every citizen will be treated equally. This means that the law should start by acknowledging and segregating characteristics and inconsistencies in reality so as to bestow upon each party what is rightfully theirs (Bily 27-8). For example, the government recognizes a relationship between two contracting parties who agree to fulfill a transaction of mowing the lawn. However, the law governing the contracts does not define beforehand what kinds of contracts can be done or can be accepted. This law, instead, merely makes clear how binding a consensual contract is, and what legal obligations both agreeing parties have in fulfilling the contract. This law also clarifies the consequences should one or both parties breach stipulations in the contract

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of Essay

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of America and the Western Europe are limited - Essay Example The following essay will compare the differences in the systems of higher education both in the USA and Western European countries. Key words: higher education in the USA, higher education in the Western Europe, Bologna Declaration Though there are limited similarities between higher education in the USA and Western Europe, nevertheless they exist. First of all, the students both in the USA and Europe enter the college or university after finishing school and getting secondary education. In the USA one has to attend 12 years of primary and secondary school, and with the secondary school diploma or certificate one can go on to getting higher education in the university or college. The secondary education in the Western Europe differs slightly from country to country. Generally, the pupils need to attend 11-12 years of primary and secondary school before entering college or university. To enter university students in both Europe and the USA need to provide a proof of completion of high school. Besides, in the USA pupils need to pass the standardized test (SAT, ACT). There is a tuition fee that needs to be paid, but the amount can be different from university to university. There are public and private universities in the USA as well as Western Europe. As far as higher education goes, still, there are more differences than similarities between the USA and the Western European countries. Usually, American students are able to earn their Bachelor's degrees by attending Spring and Fall semesters for four years, if they spend summers at home. It is also possible to study in summer, this way one will earn his Bachelor’s degree in a shorter period of time. â€Å"Most colleges and universities follow either a quarter-based calendar system or a semester-based calendar system. In a quarter system, the academic year is divided into three sessions called quarters. Each quarter lasts about 12 weeks. There is usually an additional quarter in the summer, where registrat ion is optional. In a semester system, the academic year is divided into two sessions called semesters. Each semester lasts 16 weeks.† (The US College Unit System, para.2) Study at a college or university leading to the Bachelor's degree is known as "undergraduate" education. A Bachelor degree is the most traditional degree given by the US colleges and universities. The American system of higher education measures student's progress in credit hours. The student must earn 124 credits to graduate with a Bachelor's degree. Each college course is assigned a certain value in â€Å"credits† or â€Å"units.† The number of units corresponds to the number of hours that a student will attend class for that course. Most colleges require that students complete a minimum number of units in order to graduate, rather than a minimum number of courses. This way, it gives students more flexibility and more freedom of choice as far as what courses to take in order to complete their graduation requirements. If one finds his bachelor’s degree to be insufficient, he/she may proceed to get their Master’s degree and Doctorate (also known as PhD). One may need a PhD degree to teach at the university, for example. In addition, there are some courses that are taught only at the â€Å"postgraduate† level (the next level after the Bachelor’s degree). Among such courses are law, medicine and dentistry. How

Law in Relation to the Identification Procedure Essay

Law in Relation to the Identification Procedure - Essay Example Amongst the suspects is Barry, who has a bad stutter. The custody officer informs Barry of his right to see a solicitor but he initially refuses saying, â€Å"I’ve done nothing wrong. Why would I need a Brief?† At a police identification parade, Alan picks out Barry on the basis of his â€Å"bulging eyes†. Alan does not ask to have the persons in the line-up speak. Barry is 5 feet 5 inches tall. All of the other persons in the line-up are 5 feet 9 inches or taller. Later, at a police interview, Barry refuses to answer any questions and repeatedly states: â€Å"This is a fit up – you can’t prove anything†. Frustrated with Barry’s stubborn refusal to admit his involvement, the police decide to plant a listening device connected to a tape recorder in Barry’s cell in the custody suite, and put an undercover police officer, Colin, in the same cell as Barry. Colin asks what Barry’s in for. Barry replies, â€Å"Robbery. They’ll never prove it though if I keep my mouth shut. They’ve already messed up the identification parade.† Eleanor alleges that Dean had invited her to sleep on the floor of his room, to save her from walking h ome in the dark. She claims that at 3.00 a.m. she awoke to find Dean molesting her. She says she tried to push him away but he hit her and carried out the alleged offense. She says that she waited until he had fallen asleep and then escaped. She first complained of the rape to her friend, Flora, six hours later. Flora had come into Eleanor’s room saying: â€Å"Where were you last night? Gareth was looking for you. He says he’s going to finish with you if you’ve been out with other men.† Gareth is Eleanor’s boyfriend. She then described the alleged rape to Flora, who says she observed her tear-stained face on which there was slight bruising.

Rag time (movie) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rag time (movie) - Essay Example the height of success and sophistication (Forman, n.p.).Walker Coalhouse has walked up the ladder of the social class courtesy of his talent in music, where he plays the piano in a successful Jazz band, allowing him to become successful both in fame and fortune (Canby, n.p.). Under the current social stratification of the community in which Coalhouse lives, he belongs to the bottom layer of the social class; the blacks, and thus some of the white people volunteering at a firehouse in New York cannot stand to see a black man riding in such an expensive and state-of-the-art car. This makes the fire chief, Conklin to rally the volunteers to blockade the way and stop him from passing with his car, and later leads them in wrecking Coalhouse’s Model-T (Forman, n.p.). The attempt by Coalhouse to seek justice for the racial mistreatment that he received fails completely, because the justice system is dedicated to racism, thus it cannot offer a black man any justice (Forman, n.p.). Starting with the search for a lawyer to represent him in the case to petitioning the police to address his case by having the fire chief charged for the injustice he committed against him, the whole system refuses to work in his favor not because Coalhouse is on the wrong or because he cannot afford to pay the requisite legal fees, but simply because he s black (Canby, n.p.). Therefore, the theme of racism has featured in the entire film, building up from one episode to the other until the film ends without a clear solution to the problem of racism having been devised. The motif of the film is presented through fantasy and illusion, where the film has mixed up real life characters and events with other imaginary and unreal narratives that create a sense of confusion and lack of comprehension of the film. The historical events in the film are so mixed up, while there lacks the focus on one-sided historical narration (Canby, n.p.). Contrary, the film presents a multiplicity view of the

Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Safety Management - Essay Example By carrying out a safety and healthy checkup in a given organization, they could become part of its daily running that would ultimately see to the creation of a better image for both the organization and its workers. In 1997, plant XYZ made a lot of losses that amounted from a high injury and illness case in the manufacturing company. In just a year, the company had a direct loss of nearly one million U. S dollars resulting from injury and illness alone. These losses greatly eat into the company’s profit, which ultimately lowers its profit margin every year. Thus, there is need for the company to reduce the injury and illness cases by fifty percent in order to increase its profits. A reduction in these cases would greatly increase the company’s profit margin by a minimum of two point five percent. At the same time, these safety systems would also benefit the workers in a great way. The illnesses, fatalities and injuries incurred at the workplace result in a lot of pain and suffering for both the workers and their families. They end up costing these families much of the money that they had worked so hard for. Thus, by putting in place these safety systems, both the company and its e mployees would be saving a lot of resources that they would otherwise use in nursing these injuries and illnesses. There are several crucial elements that should be taken into consideration in ensuring that an effective health and safety system is in place. The first element is management commitment in the system as well as employee involvement. The management of any given organization should be committed wholeheartedly to seeing the safety of its workers. Intervention by the management into these issues would reduce the severity of injuries gained at the workplace that would ultimately alleviate a lot of financial burdens for both the company and its workers. By becoming involved in this

The Meaning of Health and Illness in the Mexican Culture Essay

The Meaning of Health and Illness in the Mexican Culture - Essay Example Without a doubt, health can be deeply understood in terms of a combination of biological, cultural and social factors slightly than with the sole purpose in biological terms. As it was stated above that the complete health image can be understood more deep by diverse of factors. No one can deny that the social influence on health is significant, where the better health and higher quality of life of community members depend on the level of their participation in the social networks, assistance to each other and overall change of the society to become more healthy and prosperous. Such social networks usually include the family, friends, neighbors, church, work, sport clubs and other social groups where people can exchange information, experience and advices. For Mexican people, health is seen as holistic issue or a unity between mind, spirit and body. In the West, the doctor hopes to "cure" a problem after people are unbearably sick, when they are in pain or feel physically disruptive symptoms. A traditional Mexican practitioner, by contrast, seeks to prevent disease by keeping all systems balanced and finely tuned throughout the patient's life span. Consultation with the practitioner of acupuncture is ideally an ongoing part of every patient's life. Although the idea of preventive medicine (for instance, prenatal care) is prominent in current discussions about revamping our medical care system, there is really no comparison to the prevention that is accomplished through acupuncture and herbs. illness also comes from a gradual blocking and deficiency of body energy. Mexican people see the body threatened by lifestyle factors such as overeating or overworking. We also look for disharmonies of the internal nature in intensely prolonged emo tional states such as grief or depression (LaVeist, 2005). Mexican culture and gender have their own influences on health care since the person's socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender and other factors directly affect his/her perception of the disease, necessity or financial ability to seek appropriate treatment. It is obvious that those people who live in poverty or from low socioeconomic status receive less medical help than those with stable income and medical coverage. In multi-ethnical communities the doctors can influence the patients by learning and understanding the beliefs, attitudes and experiences of patients from different ethnical groups and nationalities. The influence of gender on health care can be observed while analyzing the female and male patients, their attitudes and behaviors, where men are usually direct and logical decision makers and women are less independent and more influenced by others (Chabram-Derners, Torre 2008). While some symptoms are obvious both for the person him/herself and others around (nervousness, physical dependence on alcohol or drugs, etc), other symptoms are rather difficult to recognize. Usually, people use schemas as the organized ways to look at things and people that influence person's expectations, behavior, etc. Certainly, to seek medical treatment is the responsibility of each drug-dependent person or those who surround him based on the perception of the severity of the addiction symptoms. Though, there are some factors that might positively influence treatment seeking, including belief systems, certain life activities, gender, SES and ethnicity. While the good patient role presumes that the person behaves well and properly by following the prescribed treatment and medical services, the role of bad

Persuasive presentation Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Persuasive presentation Speech - Essay Example generates 160 million tons of trash, in particular, the legally dumped garbage. This amount of garbage constitutes adequate metal that may be used to fabricate two million automobiles; paper that can publish America’s daily newspapers; wood that can build a million homes; and bulk aluminum sufficient for rebuilding American air fleet a couple of times. It is apparent that the American population is drowning in Trash. Americans have a responsibility to counter the current trends by recycling the trash; otherwise, there will be no tomorrow for us. As such, recycling is the most appropriate method for tackling the problem. A. Recycling concept fits appropriately in the current waste situation in U.S. as well as other parts of the world. The perceived recycling attempts are yet to achieve the requisite standards. People’s misconceptions about the process such as recycling being time consuming as well as a bother are some of the reasons why Americans lag behind in recycling their wastes (Saddleback Educational Publishing 5). C. The negative effects of landfills to the environment are attributable not only to their closure but also to implementation of recycling as an appropriate alternative. It is apparent that landfills result in serious water and air pollution (Griff 2). E. Recycling contributes to reduction of pollution, and saves energy. Several countries, including Japan are enjoying substantial benefits relating to cost-effectiveness and reduced energy consumption, by recycling their waste. It appears that recycling is turning out to be the next big thing internationally. Different institutions and the public are increasingly adopting recycling as an alternative method of disposing waste or trash. Recycling household commodities is considerably easy and requires little time. It is the responsibility for all to promote environment sustainability. As noted, disposal of waste in landfills is detrimental to the environment; therefore, it is important to

Data observation Essay Example for Free

Data observation Essay Complete a data table that includes a prediction of reaction type (single replacement, double replacement, synthesis, decomposition, or combustion), observations, and identification of reaction type for each reaction in the lab. (10 points) Reactants Prediction of Reaction Type Observations Reaction Type Iron (III) and copper (II) sulfate solution single replacement Solids stay concentrated at the bottom Single replacement Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions Double replacement Yellow colored powder collected at the bottom Double replacement Magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution Single replacement The solution began to fizz. Proves to be flammable. single replacement Electrolysis of water decomposition The water bubbles In the tubes filled with H2 and O2 decomposition Burning magnesium combustion As the magnesium comes in contact with the CO2 it creates a bright burning light synthesis Conclusion: Write a balanced equation for each reaction observed in this lab. (10 points) 2Fe + 3CuSO4 = 3Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI = PbI2 + 2K(NO3) Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 2H2O = 2H2 + O2 2Mg + O2 = 2MgO If you were to measure the mass of magnesium and hydrochloric acid before combining them in the test tube, how would that mass compare to the mass of reactants left in the test tube after the reaction? Explain your answer and how it corresponds to the law of conservation of mass. (5 points) -The mass would be the same as it started. This is because the law of conservation of mass states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed only changed. One of the reactions you conducted can actually be categorized as TWO different types of reactions. Which reaction is this, and what are the two types of reactions? (5 points) It would be the Magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution because it bubbled but it still stayed in its form and didn’t change. It is single replacement or combustion.

Psychological persperctive in health and social care Essay Example for Free

Psychological persperctive in health and social care Essay The behaviourist perspective The behaviourist perspective is an idea that we can understand any type of behaviour by looking at what the person has learned. This includes personality traits such as shyness, confidence, optimism or pessimism. Behaviourist psychologists explain all human behaviour as resulting from experience. Two key psychologists are Pavlov and skinner, although these two theorists believed that different processes were involved, they both explained all types of behaviour as being the result of learning. This is everything from shyness to aggression and happiness to depression. Classical conditioning Classical conditioning was a theory developed by a Russian psychologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). He was working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. The dogs were attached to a harness and Pavlov attached monitors to their stomachs and mouths so he could measure the rate of salivation. He noticed that the dog began to salivate when someone entered the room with a bowl of food, but before the dog had eaten the food. Since salivation is a reflex response, this seemed unusual. Pavlov decided that the dog was salivating because it had learned to associate the person with food. He then developed a theory. Food automatically led to the salivation response, since this response had not been learned, he called this an unconditioned response, which is a response that regularly occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is presented. As food automatically leads to this response, he called this unconditioned stimulus, which is a stimulus that regularly and consistently leads to an automatic response. Pavlov then presented food at the same time as ringing a bell (neutral stimulus), to see if the dog would learn to associate the bell with food. After several trials, the dog learned that the bell was associated with food and eventually it began to salivate only when the bell was rung and no food was presented. It therefore has learned the conditioned response (CR) of salivation to the conditioned stimulus (CS) of the bell. Operant conditioning This sort of learning is associated with the theories of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904 – 1990). Skinner was an American psychologist who worked  mostly with rats and pigeons, to learn some of the key principles of learning new behaviours. He used a very famous device, called a skinner box. Skinner famous device was a box which contained a lever which, when pressed, releases a food pellet into the box, thus reinforcing lever-pressing behaviour. When the rat is first placed in the box it will run around and sniff the various items in the box and at some point it will press the lever, releasing a food pellet. After a while of the repeated performed action the rat will learn this behaviour (pressing the lever) is automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequence). Because the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something the rat would like to have more of), this consequence increases the probability of the behaviour being repeated. There are two types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Skinner investigated negative reinforcement by running a very low electrical current throughout the floor of the Skinner box. The current can be de-activated if the rat pressed the lever. The behaviour of lever pressing was thus negatively reinforcing. For humans, this can be demonstrated by the example of using pain relief. For example, if you have aches and pains and you take a painkiller, which results in the aches and pains going away, you are negatively reinforced for taking a painkiller. Punishment occurs only when behaviour is followed by a consequence that is experienced as unpleasant. Skinner investigated this by giving the rat a small electric shock when the rat pressed the lever. The consequence of the lever pressing (the electric shock) was experienced as unpleasant, so the rat learned to stop pressing the lever. Social learning theory The effects of other individuals on behaviour There are many influences on our behaviour, for example peers, siblings, parents, television, media, sports personalities and other celebrities. Well according to social learning theory, role models are very important. While we may learn new behaviours from anyone, the likelihood of imitating behaviours is strongly influenced by the way we perceive the person performing the behaviour (the model). If we observe someone we admire behaving in a particular way, we may be more likely to imitate such behaviour. If, for example The effects of groups on behaviour Our behaviour is strongly influenced by the presence of others, however much we believe ourselves to be truly individuals in our beliefs and behaviour. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the experiments conducted in the 1950’s by social psychologist Solomon Asch. He was interested in a concept called majority influence. This is when the presence of other people causes us to change our public behaviour or opinions because we do not want to stand out from the crowd (be different). We have a powerful desire to belong and will ‘go along’ with what others in our group say, think and do in order to FIT IN. This is what he did to test this idea. A group of six of the experimenter (people who were play-acting according to instructions) were joined by a naive participant (a genuine participant who knew nothing about the nature of the experiment) in a task that supposedly tested visual perception. The experimenter explained that the task involved stating whet her a target line. The effects of culture and society on behaviour The term culture refers to the shared values, norms, language, customs and practices of a group. Most of us tend to think of culture as being specific to different countries. It is important to understand how culture affects our behaviour in order to gain a full understanding of people we come across and those we work with. The self-fulfilling prophecy This part is an important concept in psychology that plays a big role on the way we behave towards others and expect them to behave towards us. If we believe ourselves to be worthy, pleasant and likeable then we will most definitely be polite and cheerful towards those we meet and this will create a favourable impression. In response to those who may come into contact with us view us favourably and behave in a positive way towards us, with the result that our own positive self-beliefs are confirmed. To put it another way, we are angry, full of resentment, believe the world is against us and more, then we are likely to behave in a more aggressive, confrontational or argumentative way, in which case that is how we will be viewed, which will confirm our views of ourselves and the world. Role theory Between role theory and the self-fulfilling prophecy there is a similarity, in that role theory comments that because we live within a particular culture, society and social group, we are influenced by other people. This influence helps lead us to taking up certain roles and trying to live up to the expectations that go with that role. Albert Bandura Social learning theory explains behaviour as the result of learning from people we are exposed to in our environment. We can also learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media. This is known as observational learning and this theory was developed by the American psychologist, Albert Bandura. The person we learn from is known as a role model, and the process of imitating is called modelling. However, we do not imitate all behaviour we observe and remember. Whether or not it is in our interests to imitate particular behaviour is influenced by characteristics of the model. If we see a model being punished for certain behaviour, we are less likely to imitate it than if we see him or her being positively reinforced. The psychodynamic approach The importance of the unconscious mind: Sigmund Freud Freud was one of the earliest thinkers to bring to public attention the idea that we are not always aware of all aspects of ourselves. He suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in a part of our mind he called ‘unconscious’. We cannot access the contents of our unconscious, but they often ‘leak out’ in dreams and slips of the tongue. Freud believed that the conscious mind was like the tip of an iceberg – only a small part being available to awareness. Part of the unconscious that we can easily access he called the pre-conscious. This contains information not yet in consciousness but that can easily be retrieved (e.g. the name of your friends dog). The rest, well under the surface, consisted of the unconscious. Importance of early experiences The importance of early experience in determining later behaviours is clearly  illustrated by Freud’s developmental theory of psychosexual stages. He believed that we all go through several stages of psychosexual development. At every stage, the individual’s libido (energy) is focused on a part of the body that is particularly relevant at that stage. If the needs of the developing child are met at each stage, it moves on to the next developmental stage. If however, there is struggle or conflict or some unsatisfactory experience, the individual becomes ‘fixated’ (stuck) at this stage. This results in certain ways of being, or personality traits, which are carried through into adulthood and which can explain behaviour later in life. The earliest stage is the ‘oral stage’. The focus here is on the mouth and activities such as sucking, biting and licking. (You will probably have noticed that young babies seem to put everything in their mouths.) Freud believed that there could be two reasons for fixation. If the infant was weaned too early, it would feel forever under-gratified and unsatisfied and would develop into a pessimistic, sarcastic person. If, on the other hand, it was over- gratified (weaned too late) the individual would develop a gullible personality, naively trusting in others and with a tendency to ‘swallow anything’. This stage lasts from birth to roughly 18 months. If the infant successfully passes through the oral stage without becoming fixated, the next stage is the ‘anal stage’, which lasts from approximately one to three years. Here the libido is focused on aspects to do with potty training. If there is a battle with parents about potty training with the child feeling forced to use the potty before they are r eady, or feeling over – controlled in various areas, they may rebel by retaining their faeces: the child refuses to ‘go’, thus holding on to control and withholding satisfaction from the parent. This type of fixation is called ‘anally retentive’ and is associated with later personality characteristics such as obstinacy, miserliness and obsessive traits. The alternative scenario is that the child is not given enough boundaries over potty training so they take excessive pleasure in excretion and become a messy, creative, disorganised sort of person. During the ages of four to five the child passes through the ‘phallic stage’. Fixation at this stage is associated with anxiety and guilty feelings about sex and fear of castration for males. If this stage is not resolved, the theory suggests that a boy may become homosexual and a girl may become a lesbian. Freud thought these were  abnormal fixations; however most people today would not view them in this way. Between the ages of five to seven and the onset of puberty, the child enters the ‘latency stage’, which is not strictly speaking a developmental phase but a time when the focus is on s ocial pursuits such as sport, academic excellence and the development of friendships. The final psychosexual stage is the ‘genital stage’, which begins at puberty. Freud believed that the less fixated the individual has become during the earlier stages, the more easily this stage will be negotiated, resulting in the ability to form strong heterosexual relationships with an ability to be warm and loving as well as to receive love in a new, mature fashion. A second important feature of early experience is the development of ego defence mechanisms. The use of a defence mechanism allows us to block out events that threaten to overwhelm us. A final influence is that of the mind. Freud suggested that the mind (which he called the psyche) is divided into three dynamic parts. The id is a part of the mind which is totally unconscious and which exists at birth. It is focused on getting what it wants and consists of aggressive, sexual and loving instincts. It is the part of us that says ‘i want it now!’ The superego is formed as a result of socialisation and consists of all instructions, morals and values that are repeatedly enforced as we ar e growing up. It takes on the form of a conscience and also represents our view of our ideal self. The main role of the superego is to try to subdue the activity of the id. The ego tries to balance the demands of the id and the superego. It is the rational part of the mind, always seeking to do what is most helpful to the individual. Different behaviours can be understood by trying to infer which part of the psyche is dominant at any time. A person who is very submissive, guilty and always wanting to please may have a very strong superego. A person who is impulsive, careless of other people’s feelings, doesn’t think through the consequences of their actions and is perhaps inclined to aggression, either verbal or physical, probably has a dominant id. A person who can be submissive and assertive when necessary, who is bale to think about other people’s feelings but also consider and value their own needs, has probably got a strong enough ego to balance the demands of the id and the superego. They are likely to have quite a rational and realistic outlook on life. Erik Erikson Erik Erikson was a psychologist who agreed with much of Freud’s theory in so far as he thought that we developed through a series of stages. However, he thought that these continued throughout our lifetime and were essentially social in nature. He also believed that Freud put too much emphasis on our desire for individual gratification and not enough on our need to be accepted by society and lead a meaningful life. Erikson suggested that we move through a series of psychosocial crises with a different social focus at each stage. For example between birth and the age of one, the life crisis concerns developing trust or mistrust in self and others. The social focus at this stage is the mother. The humanistic perspective Human psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices for ourselves. Two psychologists associated with this approach are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow Maslow (1908-1970) was an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking to become the best that we can possibly can- spiritually, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this Self-actualisation. He constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of needs, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they can approach the next level. Maslow believed that until our basic psychological needs are met, we will focus all our energies on getting them met and not be able to progress further. When people are well-housed, well-fed and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, like the need to belong and be loved and to feel self-esteem. When our lives are such that these needs are also met, we strive to self-actualise. As Maslow said ‘A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if that person is to be ultimately at peace with their self’. What a person can be, they must be. This need we call self-actualisation. Carl Rogers Rogers (1902-1987) was particularly interested in the concept of self. There are many aspects of the self but two are especially important here. Self-concept refers to the way in which we view ourselves. This includes  physical, biological attributes like being male or female, blonde or brunette, short or tall, as well as personality traits like being kind, humble, assertive and hard working. The self -concept is formed from an early age and young children internalise other people’s judgements of them, which then become a part of their self –concept. If a child is told their silly, naughty apart of self-concept will contain these aspects. Another way of looking at it is a child is praised, encouraged to succeed and told they are valued; they will have a positive self-concept and see themselves as someone who is worthwhile and competent. Rogers believed that we also hold a concept of self, called the ideal self. This holds a view of ourselves as we feel we should be an d as we would like to be. When there is a mismatch between our actual self and our ideal self we become troubled and unhappy. The cognitive/information processing perspective This psychological perspective has gained enormous ground since the 1960’s, when the influence of behaviourism began to happen. With the development of computers came the idea that brain activity was like the operation of a computer. A great deal of research had been devoted to understanding cognitive processes such as attention, memory, perception, information processing, problem solving, thought language and other aspects of cognition. A way to understand this perspective is it relates to health and social care, we are going to concentrate on just two theorists: Jean Piaget and George Kelly. Jean Piaget Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence. During his research he noticed children of the same age made the same mistakes in logic, however bright they were. He came to the conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages, each new stage building on the previous one. George Kelly George Kelly (1905-1966) developed a unique psychological theory known as the psychology of Personal Constructs. He saw the individual as a scientist, making predictions about the future, testing them and, if necessary, revising them according to new evidence. A construct is a way of construing (interpreting and making sense of) reality and the environment. For example if an individual develops The biological perspective Maturational theory The theory of maturation holds that the effects of the environment are minimal. The child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and its cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, rather than being dependent upon the environment to mature. It is, in effect, a theory which states that development is due to nature not nurture. This is quite a contrast to the learning theory or humanistic theory, where the effects of nurture are paramount. Gesell’s theory of maturation Arnold Gesell (1880-1961) believed that development occurred according to a sequence of maturational processes. For example, development in the womb follows a fixed set of stages: the heart begins to form first, along with the rudimentary nervous system. Bones and muscles develop next and over time the organism develops into a fully functioning human being, ready to be born. As the child develops from birth onwards, its genes allow it to flower gradually into the person he or she is meant to be. The environment should provide support for this unfolding of talents, skills, personality and interests but the main thing driving this development is the maturational process. Genetic influences on behaviour Genes can affect behaviour in many ways. Some disorders, like Huntington’s disease, are caused by a single dominant gene, which either parent can pass on to their child. Others, like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Disorders that occur regardless of the environmental influences, such as those listed above, are genetically determined disorders. This means that the individual who inherits the gene or genes is certain to develop the disorder, regardless of the environmental factors. An example of this is Huntington’s disease. This disorder usually begins to show when the individual is aged between 30 and 50 years. Symptoms of dementia appear and the individual is likely to die about 15 years after the onset. Some of the changes in  behaviour are listed below, though this list is not comprehensive: Hallucinations and delusions Severe confusion Progressive memory less Inappropriate speech; use of jargon or wrong words Personality changes including anxiety and depression, withdrawal from social interaction, decreased ability to care for oneself and inability to maintain employment. Disorders that are not genetically determined, but where an individual’s genes may leave them with a vulnerability to developing the disorder, are far more common. A classic way of measuring the contribution of genes to any type of behaviour is through twin studies. There are two types of twins. Monozygotic or identical, twins share 100 percent of their genetic material since they are formed from only one fertilised egg, which has divided into two. Dizygotic or (fraternal) twins share only 50 per cent of genetic material since they occur when two eggs are fertilised by different sperm at the same time. If, the reasoning goes, one of a pair of monozygotic twins has a disorder, it would be expected that, if genes are the only influence, the second twin must also have the disorder. The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour The autonomic nervous system produces its effects through activation of nerve fibres throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of hormones from the endocrine glands (such as the adrenal and pineal glands). Hormones are biochemical substances that are released into the bloodstream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small quantities and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly disappear if they are not secreted continuously. There are a large number of hormones including: Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and acts on the brainstem sleep mechanisms to help synchronise the phases of sleep and activity. Testosterone, which is released in the testicles and may influence aggressiveness. Oxytocin, which is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates milk production and female orgasms. Some hormones are released as a response to external stimuli. For example, the pineal gland responds to  reduced daylight by increasing production of melatonin. Other hormones follow a circadian rhythm, with one peak and one trough every 24 hours. (Circadian means ‘about a day’ and refers to a 24 hour rhythm). For instance, levels of cortisol rise about an hour before you wake up and contribute to your feelings of wakefulness or arousal.

Explore The Background To Change Affecting Pizza Hut Business Essay

Explore The Background To Change Affecting Pizza Hut Business Essay Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Restaurant Int. which also has subsidiary businesses and famous brands like KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silvers under one brand umbrella. It is the worlds largest pizza chain more than 13,000 restaurants across 97 countries. Pizza Hut increases his operations in last five years. In India,  Pizza Hut has  143 restaurants across 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Banglore, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Hyderabad. Great taste and quality, variety of pizzas and trademark dining experience have made it possible for the company to for double-digit growth and scale up its presence to its current size. With a 27 per cent market share of the eating-out market and over 70,000 footfalls per day across the country Pizza Hut started its business from India in 1996, and opened its first restaurant in Bangalore. Pizza Hut maintained significant growth and acquires a maximum share of pizza market and sustained growth rate of above 40 per cent per annum. Pizza Hut operates through 95 outlets across 24 cities in India which gave employment nearly 5000 people by the end of 2009. Pizza Hut invested about US$ 35 million in India so far through YUM! Corporate franchisee Brands Inc is the owner of worldwide chain of pizza outlets listed in Fortune 300 Company .Since 2008 it generated more than $36 million through sales. http://www.pizzahut.co.in/dinein/aboutpizzahut.php Task 1 Outcome: Explore the background to change affecting the organization Change can be implemented through various models such : Kotters eight step change model ADKAR Model Business process re-engineering Kotters eight step change model 1. Increase urgency inspire people to move guide and group them to make objectives real and relevant. 2. Build the guiding team Make the groups with the right people in right place with their appropriate skills and levels. 3. Get the vision right Arrange and make the team to establish a vision and strategy focus on creative aspects which is necessary to drive service and efficiency. 4. Communicate for buy-in Involve as many people possible for improve the work, exchange of information and communication between the essentials and give response if any needs from people. 5. Empower actions Processing to Remove obstacles, make promotive feedback and support from leaders and top management for reward and identify progress and achievements. 6. Create short-term wins Set objectives and aim which are easy to obtain in big size substantial work. Manageable numbers of initiatives. Finish current working functions and stages before starting new objective function. 7. Dont let up Promote the growth of the institution and relating work and encourage determination of ongoing change support and encourage ongoing progress which reports highlight obtained and big significant prospective work. 8. Make change stick Recruitment promotion and change of leaders which enforces the value of success. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/237685/[emailprotected]_pg4.html?cat=3 ADKAR MODEL Change often brings high levels of stress and disturbance to people.ADKAR change method in the corporate world often eliminates many of the negative and harmful effects associated with new procedures. 1. Awareness. Gives benefits to all levels of staff and aware them about need of changes to the organization, changes for the sake of seldom is useful. Change is to apply for improvement of the business operation which helps to be competitive in market. This is very necessary for success. 2. Desire.  It is necessity that management responsible to encourage the desire of their employees to support and be active by participating in the prospective change in organization. 3. Knowledge. It is managements responsibility to provide the training and education to its employee change methods of the new procedures, and software. Sometime it is useless to do work in change environment without sufficient knowledge about the goals desired by organization. 4. Ability.  After getting a desired knowledge employee is involved needs to be given the training to achieve and set to new change to be made which affects successful for organization. 5. Reinforcement:- According to study it has proven that any person who perform and repeat the task continuously for 21 days, it will become a habit of that person whether it is good or bad for him. Reinforcing new habits of the employees improve the success of the change made. http://www.kellyservices.com/eprise/main/web/us/hr_manager/articles_aug08_akdarmodel Business Process reengineering Business process reengineering is a radical thinking of organizational process; this is a very fundamental consideration. This a fundamental and prime steps undertaken to enterprise resource planning implememtation.basically BPR analyses and suggests the structural changes to be made for organization. This identify very important because it helps organization should be customized and design itself to become ERP friendly. If organization is unable to stands with the external changes then the best way to manage is adopt the changes according to environment and apply the changes in it. Study has been proven that if any changes are imposed in organization then sudden changes are not all time works in proper way because the improper method applied to it. It need plan to apply it; this can be avoided by the use of BPR in practically. Davenport (1992) prescribes five approaches to BPR model which are follows: 1) Develop business vision and process objectives 2) Identify business process to be resigned 3) Understand and measure the existing processes 4) Identify Information Technology levers. 5) Design and build a prototype of the new processes (valuebased management, 2008) Pizza Hut has recently undergone a huge change to enhance the business and to give better service for customer; this is due to demand from the customers and improvement suggestion. According to responses Pizza Hut made some changes in their services some of them listed below. Franchise system: System adopted for store forcast, monitor performance, worker uses and food ordering and inventory management of business. One specific reason behind adopting this to apply technology and service better through management information system. Now these systems are supported by a skilled internal team to make sure customers get the best use from them. (A pizzahut fanchise, 2008) http://www.pizzahutfranchise.co.uk/html/technology.html. Leadership Style: In running business with standard models and ideology of leadership there was something missing about the importance of human beliefs they need some changes and they made it in practical life importance of the human heart in driving a companys human drive and path of success to inspirational motivation in change management situations. Real time performance reporting Development in technology which can monitor the progress of business anytime, anywhere via remote log-in functionality. Online recruitment system for the applicants and team members only who meet the minimum success criteria added to shortlist. Online training for managers and team members. Digital marketing including online and mobile handsets. http://www.pizzahutfranchise.co.uk/html/technology.html First of all let us understand the meaning of strategic intervention:-It is a technique of influencing element that is used to modify the existing elements of business process there are three standard strategic intervention methods namely. HR intervention Strategic leadership Team building HR intervention: There are different issues and procedures needed to run business organization and being success to achieve their goals. Human Resources comply with these procedures very well.they prepares organization guide for the managers, performance management, succession planning systems, and several other works for the betterment of organization. So HR intervention is always necessary, it stays the organization up to date with legal compliance. Strategic leadership: Strategic leadership involves managing through others, managing entire enterprise, making changes according to requirement. Managing human capital is very critical skills of strategic leader. Commercial innovation, and manage the knowledge is also major functional activity of the leader. Its very important to obtained a good strategic leadership for success of an organization. http://asso.nordnet.fr/adreg/Hitt%20et%20al%20strategic%20leadership.pdf Team Building: A team building can be defined as a group of people who collectively work towards a pre-defined goal utilizing experience and knowledge in an office helps to nourishes better and open communication between the employees themselves, it also makes fosters to develop the relation between employees and the higher management. It goes a long way in improving professional relation. Team building in the workplace significantly contributes towards  employee motivation  and building trust among the employees, thereby ensuring better productivity. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/team-building-in-the-workplace.html Human Resources intervention techniques I would recommend in introducing ` change: Since last five year we have seen drastic changes in other departments of Pizza Hut. Whatever the changes made it is working very well. Changes they adopt technology, leadership style and franchise system going well. This is internal part of the business which is basic and playing important role in upgrading the function of business. On the other side of business and decision making there would another change to be happening in Pizza Hut. Human Resources is major body of an organization i.e. Pizza Hut. HR is also responsible for other operations of business issues like training programmers, individual growth of employee. Career make progression path drive the culture of Pizza Hut. Finance and accounting is vital for Pizza Hut. But i personally think that they are giving much importance to their function because lack of decision making process, delaying in improper assessment of payment of employees, so there would be need for the change in the same. More than 13,000 thousand employees are working on weekly payroll system and 2000 are working on monthly basis, in present company is using bureau system. it need change to innovative technology for accessing the payment system. The functionality and flexibility of the new system would make simple and help for further improve the HR and payroll services which provide for all restaurant teams. After all Salaries is simply a payment for the supply of services to the company. Wouldnt HR be better off focusing on Employee Development and other training programmes, rather than dealing with errors in the payroll. Task 2: Outcome:- Understand Issues relating to strategic change in the organization a) Following some generic background relating to strategic change has been introduced in Pizza Hut which shown good improvement in companys progress. Here I also elaborate some functional areas which have changed it drastically. 1) Customer expectation: Fast food industry is growing day by day, and new varieties of food are coming in market. so the customers expectation are growing more and something different from other food companies. Food market is going global means international food tastes are available in many restaurants. So the variety of taste demands more from consumers. There is need to fulfill the customers expectation about the change. 2) Competitive edge: In global market there is always a competition among the food companies. Pizza hut also facing a tough competition. Dominos pizza is a major competitive player of pizza hut holds approximately 20% of market as compared to pizza hut is 46%.remaining market share is hold by small companies nearly about 32%. So planning and strategy is important to be competitive in market by making some different kind of variety pizzas, pastas etc. 3) New technologies: Sometimes only advertising is not the only way to sell the product, technology will definitely play important role. For pizza hut upgrading technology, advertisement through social networking websites, Online advertising, mobile marketing, sponsorships, tie up with local but popular brands, etc are technological ways to get marketed. Online advertising, mobile marketing, sponsorships, tie up with local but popular brands etc. need for change for better result. 4) Economic changes in market Every year there is a fixed budget to run the business including the extra money is given to them for flexible financial operation. But external environment are not remains constant, like economic policy of government, prices of commodities, increase in tax etc.it impacts the financial policy of business, pizza hut is direct customer oriented business so if the external forces or environment changes it directly effect on business so they need to change at that time. Drivers that motivated Pizza Hut to above consider Change as follows: Technological Advances Loss of markets Economics Technological Advances: To attract customers and to give him better and fast service it is necessary to adopt of technological changes, so it could help them to be competitive in global market. if we consider pizza hut there is good scope to introduce Online ordering system, discount E-coupons, Happy hours schemes etc.result of this new technology adoption pizza hut could get good response from customers, these technological advances will give satisfaction of good service to customers, instant service. Loss of markets In competitive market the business progress is reflect by their market share data. Loss and gain of market share is depends upon quality and service given to customers, so it is a very critical to obtain a market share and keep it progressive. Pizza hut is a competitive with dominos pizza, compare between them is at present pizza hut is holding approximately 46% and dominos 20%.this means dominos losses their market compare to pizza hut. So in business, market share is plays important role for prospective growth of business. Economics Every business organization having its own economic policy to run business in market. business economics is diversified towards market means external forces always impact internal structure of the economic policy of individual organization. Financial status, liquidity of funds etc are related to finance matters of company, demand and supply are integral part which depends upon the requirement from the external market, external forces such as economic downturns,policy,inflation and deflation in market, interest rate, are directly affect economy of business. If Pizza hut is doing their business so above economical factors effect on pricing of product increases in pizza prices due to cheese price increased. So above three are main drivers of change in business organization. 2.b) The main resources that pizza Hut needed for the implication are as follows: 1) The HR department: It has a desirable reputation and is a fully integrated part of the organization, playing a key role in most business decisions. HR supports the restaurants and the Restaurant supply chain where it is really needed. Pizza Hut made good improvement in human resource so ensure that 70% of all vacant positions are filled internally. Pizza hut also arrange annual achievement award programmes to employees who achieved special in current year. Fast-moving, sociable atmosphere keep by company to work friendly in workplace. If HR failed to respond to need for strategic change then it could be going difficult to handle the training programmes, supply change management system, decision making.so to give a better prospective to company then HR should not be failed work. 2) Information technology: Pizza hut shown its changes in IT department since 5 years. IT department doesnt just cover the RSC but its responsible for all the systems across more than 680 Restaurants. Company upgrade IT services which are looking at the process of bank reconciliations, maintaining infrastructure. IT reduces the work pressure and give more accurate service, so in pizza hut for customer satisfaction it plays very critical role because ordering the menus, online order coupon etc.are targeted online customers. If IT failed then it will directly impact on turnover of business. so IT must work regularly and perfectly. As a department were very dynamic and forward-thinking, driving change from the inside of the organization out. Whats more youll benefit from the long-term job security of working for a big global brand and enjoy a favorable work/life balance, without compromising on the sort of technical challenges that keep the job interesting. Task 3 Outcome: Develop systems for understanding and involving others in the process of change a) Key stakeholders Tricon global restaurants: TGR is a famous largest restaurants company with brand name Yum! based in Louisville, KY having restaurants with more than 36,000 restaurants in over 110 countries and territories and more than 1 million associates. Yum! Is got his position numbered #216 on the Fortune 500 List, with nearly $10 billion in revenue in 2009. Four of TGR restaurant brands   KFC,  Pizza Hut,  Taco Bell   these are the global player of the chicken, pizza, Mexican-style food and quick-service seafood categories. http://www.yum.com/company/ourbrands.asp Suppliers: Suppliers to pizza hut for the products like toppings, cheese,chicken will help to make the product more successful and give assurance that the product will not make a loss to company. Suppliers are always belief on pizza hut for making a good relationship between them. They is interdependent to each other. They have bound to give good business to each other in any circumstances. So supplier is also major stakeholder of pizza hut. Customer and public: Customers and the public the final major stakeholder of pizza hut because will be the ones that will buy and consume the product, every company design their product keep in mind to customers only. Not all stakeholders want the same thing. So besides industrial stakeholders or any other business organizational stakeholders are indirectly dependent upon consumers and customers. Proposed system to involve stakeholders in the process of change By taking a thread of above discussion about the stakeholders in Pizza Hut, like business organization, suppliers, customer and public. We are going to make a proposed system or any model to describe the involvement of above in the change of an organization. We have discussed Tricon Global Restaurants, suppliers, and customers as a public. So Pizza hut need to be any change in future for making any business strategy, company should consider above participants for decision making process. To expand or to make objective of company pizza hut to discuss all the ideas and matters regarding to funds within the corporate context to its business enterprise stakeholder i.e. TGR because this company invested a major money and gives financial support to pizza hut. So the concern about TGR is must for pizza hut. Secondly suppliers who give his best service by supplying cheese, pizza bases, toppings, paperroni etc. to make product like pizza and other variety products. Customers and public without it would not be possible to achieve success for any company because they are the final destination where any product gets consumed from the market. So public are crucial part of the business organizational change. Now we can interrelate the above categories in following manner Tricon: Financial support to pizza hut. Suppliers:-Immediate supply of cheese, cheesebase, supply on demand. Cutomers and public:-final destination of consumption. b) By considering the above factors which are involves in system change management also have some advantage and disadvantages described below. Advantages: 1) If Stakeholders is a business organization then good advantage is fund flow from such a stakeholders is always good on the other side they also have investor of another companies which will beneficial to make their business grow in market and wider range of objectives. 2) If the stakeholder is major stakeholder in company then his company personally incorporates in financial matters of investing company for getting better business in market. Disadvantages: 1) We know that supplier is a playing a key function in business but he is not only one to whom company liable to tie up for business. Pizza hut cant concentrate his function on suppliers to give specific business from him. and totally depend on demand from the external environment. 2) Pizza Hut business is running only upon consumers. Where they always have their likes and dislikes. taste and variety of foods, different menus, and special deal on menus are the main attraction of customers.if the pizza hut is able to give good service then it directly affects the profit of the business. 3.c) Change management strategy with the key stakeholders 1) Identify stakeholders: Stakeholders can be identify by making survey and ability of stakeholders to take stake in relative company, think of all the people who are affected by stakeholders work, who have influence and power over it. 2) Prioritize stakeholders: our company has a long list of people and organizations who affected by our companies work. May be some of them having a power to block or advance.and another one is they are interesting in our companies work. 3) Mapping profiles of stakeholders: Pizza Hut can map the profile of stakeholders in four categories: High power, interested people: these people our company must fully engage and make the good efforts to satisfy. High power, less interested people: Limit the work with these people to make them satisfied but not beyond their capacity. Low power, interested people: keep communicate with these people adequately and talk to them to ensure that no major issues are arising. These people are always be helpful and concerns about project work of investing company. Low power, less interested people: keep monitor these people but not exceed communication about certain limits. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm ( Mind Tools Ltd, 1996-2011) d) Strategy for managing resistance to change is discussed as follows. 1) Open communication :- Pizza hut undergone changes in last five years, company needs more changes to be done in nearest future I would be started with open communication with employees ,workers, and other participants of business .first I would like to tell them why we need the changes? Then which change particularly they need and what are benefits for all peoples relating to it. Open communication always plays crucial role because with this we can exchange the information of both the sides and understand the opinions. so it is very good medium to managing resistance to change. 2) Involvement: I would like to discuss about the role of employees and worker in Change in pizza hut would also change their role and gives more responsibility and will increases the opportunities on achievement, also to give specification on involvement in decision making process that could motivate employees. 3) Feedback:- Getting feedback from the employees,subodianates is always important because it helps to understand their views and opinion about change happened in organization.So it would be a better way to managing resistance in change in organization. Task 4 a) I here chose McKinseys 7S model for implementing change of Pizza Hut: 1) Strategy:- Pizza hut strictly follows norms to attain the quality product for best operational strategy to attain the customer satisfaction namely C.H.A.M.P.S a) Cleaningness: Of all restaurants to give quality foods and serve better to customers. b) Hospitality: Good way of communication, respect and entertain customers. c) Accuracy: Serving food in time with accuracy and maintaining quality of taste. d) Maintenance: Handling of staff, relationship with customer, and servicing of equipments. e) Speed:- delivering food in time 2) Structure:- Consider an individual outlet as a business organization pizza hut design their management structure like support manager who manages the shift of working team member, deputy designed manager handling training of new recruits, deputy manager works for operational departs like profit and target business, restaurant general manager looks for the functioning of all finanve,orders,quality.etc 3) System:- The great thing about pizza hut is ,it is a business of franchises system, Delivery system is a major function of business and almost 20% of orders done by delivery mode.frinchises and head office staff work are closely together to achieve their objects. http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food-HYPERLINK http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food--catering/HYPERLINK http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food--catering/-catering/ 2010 What Franchise Magazine 4) Shared values:- Pizza hut have a special quality of organizational life. Cultures determine much of every transaction happens which is centralize across an organization. While managers are aware of their cultures, they are often unsure about how to influence.emlpoyees and each participants in pizza hut business respects the beliefs and principles of pizza hut. 5) Skills:- Pizza hut is always respecting the skilled employees, something innovative and different ideas are always welcome in pizza hut, new recruiters also get training to ensure and to put up their skills from knowledge to practicle life. 6) Style: Every menu of pizza hut has its unique style; they always try to make something different from other competitors recipe. Unique approach to customers attract with diff.styles adopt by pizza hut. 7)Staff: Pizza hut staff members always like to greet and serve the customers and preparing great food behind the scenes, team members are friendly, outgoing and eager to please. They are passionate and enthusiasms tic, they have ability to handle fast paced working environment. b) How would you implement one or more model(s) in your chosen organization, what improvements do you expect to achieve by implementing your chosen model(s), and how would you measure these? (AC: 4.2, 4.3) 4. b) Change Implementation Plan with Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR): Business process reengineering is a radical thinking of organizational process; this is a very fundamental consideration. BPR analyses and suggests the structural changes to be made for organization. Implementation of BPR in pizza hut explained below: Davenport (1992) prescribes five approaches to BPR model which are follows: 1) Develop business vision and process objectives: A vision of the Pizza hut after the change takes place; the school which provides high quality education with new technology and supports updated curriculum that helps to increase the ratio of university entrance exam success Pizza hut holding a great share in US and European market rest of these they want to dominant in china brands with profitable expansion. They have good plan to be the best at providing branded restaurant choice with multibranding. 2) Identify business process to be resigned Day by day competition being so strong in food servicing industry. There will be a threat of imitation products which will surely be a problem to be dealt with. So in future if other imitated products come in market then pizza hut will have to adjust or to find out variety of product to accommodate change in market. 3) Understand and measure the existing processes If we consider the promotions and marketing of pizza hut they may have to be bigger and better than the competition of nowadays, if think about product development the product may need to be altered to give it that little bit of competitive edge. Forexample stuffing the crust with cheese or giving a free topping with the purchase would help give Pizza Hut an edge over the competition. 4) Identify Information Technology levers. See pizza hut using IT since many years and changes has been made according to requirement. in the IT business context the online ordering system will going to be very competive,so that we need to be adopt more technological appliances and advanced technology in prospective years. 5) Design and build a prototype of the new processes If we basically think about the business process it will need flexibility in operation and product life cycle stages to be a market leader. It will need a great marketing plan which will be suited in new product segment .Promotion and advertising will be using for marketing so it will make target a very profitable. Reference Internet References. 1) (A pizza Hut company, 2010) http://www.pizzahut.co.in/dinein/aboutpizzahut.php 2) (A pizzahut fanchise, 2008) http://www.pizzahutfranchise.co.uk/html/technology.html. 3) (A Associated Content , 2011) http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/237685/[emailprotected]_pg4.html?cat=3 4) (A kelly services incorporation, 2011) http://www.kellyservices.com/eprise/main/web/us/hr_manager/articles_aug08_akdarmodel 5) (Strartgic leadership) http://asso.nordnet.fr/adreg/Hitt%20et%20al%20strategic%20leadership.pdf 6) (A Buzzle.com, 2010,2011) http://www.buzzle.com/articles/team-building-in-the-workplace.html 7) (A Yum corporation , 2009) http://www.yum.com/company/ourbrands.asp 8) ( Mind Tools Ltd, 1996-2011) http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm 9) (magazine, 2010) http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food-HYPERLINK http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food--catering/HYPERLINK http://www.whatfranchisemagazine.co.uk/franchise-finder/franchisor/pizza-hut/food--catering/-catering/

Suez Crisis :: Middle East History

Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis marks major shift in the power relations of western Europe, signalling the rising importance of cold war politics in international crises, The Crisis has a big impact on Canada and our peace keeping ability's.Lester Pearson's idea to stop the crisis hepls show that we are a peacefull nation. Firstly, The Suez Crisis began on 26 July 1956, when United States' decision to withdraw its offer of a grant to aid the construction of Egypt's Aswan High Dam, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.(1) The governments of Britain and France secretly began planning for an invasion of Egypt. Israel soon was doing its own invasion planning, completing its final plan on 5 October. After several international mediation efforts had failed, Britain and France agreed in mid-October 1956 to undertake a joint intervention in Egypt. Aware of the upcoming Israeli plan to invade the Sinai, French officials suggested that a France-British force could enter Egypt and separate the combatants, while actually seizing control of the entire Suez waterway.(2) On 26 October, the United States learned of Israel's military mobilization, and President Dwight Eisenhower sent the first of two personal messages to Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion asking that Israel do nothing to end anger the peace. In the Mediterranean on the 28th, the U.S. Sixth Fleet was placed on alert.(3) Undeterred by U.S. diplomatic maneuvering, Israeli forces began attacks in Egypt on 29 October.The canal had many useful reason like trading, and to to have Nassar take control of stopped any other country from trading with country's like Isreal and this also stopped isreal from exporting their goods. No one predicted Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26,1956.(4) Four interconnected events prepared the way for Nasser's greatest moment: the Evacuation Treaty of 1954, the Baghdad Pact, the Czech arms deal, and the Aswan Dam negotiations. Nasser began a diplomatic campaign to restore Egyptian dignity and get the British out of Egypt. The British planned to create a Middle Eastern collective security organization similar to that of NATO and SEATO to protect their interests in the region. The US supported the idea but would not consider joining any such agreement. The Presiden t traveled to Egypt in 1953, because be believed Britain should consider Egypt for the base of the organization.(5) He quickly realized that neither Nasser nor his people would ever consent to such a deal. Suez Crisis :: Middle East History Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis marks major shift in the power relations of western Europe, signalling the rising importance of cold war politics in international crises, The Crisis has a big impact on Canada and our peace keeping ability's.Lester Pearson's idea to stop the crisis hepls show that we are a peacefull nation. Firstly, The Suez Crisis began on 26 July 1956, when United States' decision to withdraw its offer of a grant to aid the construction of Egypt's Aswan High Dam, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.(1) The governments of Britain and France secretly began planning for an invasion of Egypt. Israel soon was doing its own invasion planning, completing its final plan on 5 October. After several international mediation efforts had failed, Britain and France agreed in mid-October 1956 to undertake a joint intervention in Egypt. Aware of the upcoming Israeli plan to invade the Sinai, French officials suggested that a France-British force could enter Egypt and separate the combatants, while actually seizing control of the entire Suez waterway.(2) On 26 October, the United States learned of Israel's military mobilization, and President Dwight Eisenhower sent the first of two personal messages to Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion asking that Israel do nothing to end anger the peace. In the Mediterranean on the 28th, the U.S. Sixth Fleet was placed on alert.(3) Undeterred by U.S. diplomatic maneuvering, Israeli forces began attacks in Egypt on 29 October.The canal had many useful reason like trading, and to to have Nassar take control of stopped any other country from trading with country's like Isreal and this also stopped isreal from exporting their goods. No one predicted Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26,1956.(4) Four interconnected events prepared the way for Nasser's greatest moment: the Evacuation Treaty of 1954, the Baghdad Pact, the Czech arms deal, and the Aswan Dam negotiations. Nasser began a diplomatic campaign to restore Egyptian dignity and get the British out of Egypt. The British planned to create a Middle Eastern collective security organization similar to that of NATO and SEATO to protect their interests in the region. The US supported the idea but would not consider joining any such agreement. The Presiden t traveled to Egypt in 1953, because be believed Britain should consider Egypt for the base of the organization.(5) He quickly realized that neither Nasser nor his people would ever consent to such a deal.